Scribal gestures.’ayyuhā-n-nāsu — O people!yā ’ayyuhā-l-maliku — O king!’ayyuhā-l-mar’aẗu — O woman!’ayyatuhā-l-mar’aẗu — O woman! (again); yā ’ayyuhā-n-nafsu — O spirit!yā ’ayyuhā-l-^iru — O caravan!’ayyuhā-l-laḏīna ‘āmanū — O you who believe! (Examples from Wrights’ Grammar)
ḥarfu-n-nidā’ — “the particle of calling out,” (exclaiming, direct address). It establishes a “vocative dependency” with the noun that follows. That noun, according to certain rules, will have either a nominative or an accusative case ending.
I like to think of the vocative particle as a clamoring word: Listen up!
I live in Texas and devote much of my time to easel painting on an amateur basis. I stream a lot of music, mostly jazz, throughout the day. I like to read and memorize poetry.
EthicalDative 
Uh, You, Hey, I’m Talking Here!
ḥarfu-n-nidā’ — “the particle of calling out,” (exclaiming, direct address). It establishes a “vocative dependency” with the noun that follows. That noun, according to certain rules, will have either a nominative or an accusative case ending.
I like to think of the vocative particle as a clamoring word: Listen up!
(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved
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About JMN
I live in Texas and devote much of my time to easel painting on an amateur basis. I stream a lot of music, mostly jazz, throughout the day. I like to read and memorize poetry.