How Poetry Feels About Itself

Rae Armantrout’s poem “Smidgins” fulfills an imperative of lyric, which is “Don’t be gassy.” Also another imperative, which is “Talk in riddles.”

My crumpled, wrinkled / blurt / of flesh. // “Let’s face it,” / it says. * …

Ravaged matter expressed as living tissue — flesh — incarnates an impromptu utterance triggered by strong affect expressed as sound — a blurt — in order to urge its startled reflection, glimpsed in a shiny surface, to put a brave face on decline.

Poetry hates itself / the way a child / pretends to fall / and looks around / to see who notices. // As much as any / single smidgin / wants to disappear. * …

The pratfalls a child stages in order to be fussed over and soothed constitute a form of “self-hatred” comparable to that of poetry’s, which confects naughty “accidents” such as talking tissue and bashful smidgins to seek attention and validation while fulfilling its writ to fabricate outré parallels.

Poetry loves itself / the way a baby / loves pleasure, / shadows tickling / its skin. / As a swallowtail, / like a folded note, / sways / on a long / blossom.

A crib-bound infant’s undifferentiated sensory delight in the play on skin of sunlight slicing through the blinds of a darkened room is a form of self-love comparable to how poetry swoons over its own rapture at comparing a splay-tailed kite with a swooshy name at rest on a sweet phrase to what could well be a billet-doux.

Poetry dines on tropes. Make something voiceless talk. Or take an abstraction, endow it with sentience, and declare it to have feelings about itself that are radically opposed. The only way to seek buy-in for such gambits is hair of the dog, i.e., more cowbell, more daring associative swoops.

If Armantrout’s lyric succeeds, its oblique shenanigans speak louder than my fussy extrapolations. I don’t say it’s true, but I’m finding that to engage with a poem entails taking possession of it; once handed off by the poet, the poem belongs to me and whoever else wants it. The reading of it is our affair, and includes license to talk back to the poem, to get in its face.

(Rae Armantrout, “Smidgins,” newyorker.com, 3-28-22. The entire poem is quoted.)

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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On ‘Love Letter to a Dead Body’

“cirrhosis moon”

I’m intrigued by the tension in Jake Skeet’s [sic] poem: Its title juxtaposes love with death, and its rhythms press against the nettle-like images. The first stanza’s images are scarred and rough with “burr and sage,” “bottles” and the “cirrhosis moon,” yet the lines sound like a nursery rhyme (the first two lines are perfectly trochaic and the third is iambic). Many other lines in this poem are also iambic or trochaic, yet the subject matter is troubled. And the heavy use of monosyllabic words (the entire first line is monosyllabic, as are several others) creates a kind of hammering, unembellished tone.

“Poem: Love Letter to a Dead Body,” Selected by Victoria Chang, NYTimes, 3-24-22.

Victoria Chang’s tight focus leaves room for the reader to negotiate with Jake Skeets’ poem for insight into its thematics. Who can remain in a state of mute contemplation around “scarred” images which monosyllabic trochees and iambs “press against” nursery-rhymishly? Mouthfeel wants substance as well.

on our backs in burr and sage / bottles jangle us awake / cirrhosis moon for eye // fists coughed up / we set ourselves on fire / copy our cousins / did up in black smoke / pillar dark in June // …

“fists coughed up”

“Fists coughed up” unleashes utterance that wanders in a rugged syntactic Badlands where self-immolating voices “copy our cousins / did up in black smoke.” Is “did up” a demotic participle slur for “done up,” meaning “adorned” by black smoke — cremated, massacred, puffed, ritualized? Does the setting afire of self evoke intoxicated exultation or a corybantic ceremony? There may be hints of alcohol decimating a community; jaundiced self-destruction; a canoodling couple nursing a twelve-pack among tossed empties in a forlorn boot hill at town’s edge. In jangled, booze-addled dream, does the desert cough up defiant corpses in a place envisaged as a disrespected ossuary?

Interpretation feels like a game of why not? A poem’s story space is where words are urged to disgorge a lexical cargo in parsable sequence so as to image forth assertions or perceptions — whether in lean cuts or in extravaganzas. That space can matter to a certain stripe of reader; it’s one the poet-practitioner appears loath to mediate except circumspectly: Skeets’ subject matter is “troubled,”per Chang. Full stop.

“names lost to bone”

Drunktown rakes up the letters in their names / lost to bone / horses graze where their remains are found // and you kiss me to shut me up / my breath bruise dark in the deep // leaves replace themselves with meadowlarks / cockshut in larkspur // ghosts rattle bottle dark and white eyed / horses still hungry / there in the weeds

Beside what could be vexed tribute paid to relations wasted and laid waste, there is twilight among flowers — “cockshut in larkspur” is a lilting embellishment; and there is a sere, haunted “deep” with shapeshifting, avian leaves where horses snuffle in the goathead and sparse grasses.

Little closure otherwise; rather a sense of being ghosted by words, of grasping at shades conjured by the speaker’s kissed breath. Their evasiveness troubles me. Perhaps it’s trouble the poem wishes to cause. The image I carry away keenly is that of the famished nags, “still hungry / there in the weeds.”

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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Whomever, Whoever … Whatever

A bilateral agreement such as the one proposed between China and Solomon Islands undermines that sentiment and shows a limited appreciation for security of the region as a whole by whomever was the leaked draft’s initial author.

(Mihai Sora, theguardian.com, 3-25-22)

I am also thinking about what Jada may or may not have been thinking and where the sort of female role in what happened lays, in your view.

(Lulu Garcia-Navarro, nytimes.com, 3-29-22)

There’s more muddle in Anglophonia than you can shake a stick at: who vs. whom; lie vs. lay; disinterested vs. uninterested; effect vs. affect; capital vs. capitol; principle vs. principal; pedal vs. petal; nauseous vs. nauseated; literally vs. virtually; true fact vs. free gift; Google vs. knowledge; and so on vs. etcetera.

In casual speech and cyber-jabber the slips are throwaway, no one cares. But until the now wrong, under prolonged abuse, becomes the new right, the grammar-ticklish observer takes note when the solecisms crop up even in literate journals.

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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Coming Unstuck With Glück

From “Moonbeam.”

I’ve acquiesced to much of what I can’t quite fathom in Louise Glück’s poetry. Enough reaches me to defeat surliness. I feel surprisingly addressed at times:

… You are like me whether or not you admit it. / Unsatisfied. Meticulous. And your hunger is not for experience / but for understanding, as though it could be had in the abstract…

(“Moonbeam,” The Seven Ages, 2001)
From “Descent to the Valley.”

I’ve found a Glück poem that does not take a downbeat swerve. It’s so atypically buoyant that I’ve vowed to share the ending with someone I know who gives a rat’s ass about poetry:

How sweet my life now / in its descent to the valley, / the valley itself not mist-covered / but fertile and tranquil. / So that for the first time I find myself / able to look ahead, able to look at the world, / even to move toward it.

(“Descent to the Valley,” Vita Nova, 1999)
From “Vita Nova.”

Another poem, “Vita Nova,” features a saucy anti-crescendo. In the oneiric story-space of a “splitting-up dream,” the central character is an odd dog named Blizzard. The speaker interrogates the dream. Why is Blizzard a dog? Could Blizzard be “my child-self, unconsolable because / completely pre-verbal? With anorexia!” (The ironic exclamation point belongs to the poem. The “dog” “barely touched / the hummus in his dogfood dish.”)

From “Vita Nova.”

Who will explain to Blizzard that “Daddy needs you: Daddy’s heart is empty, / not because he’s leaving Mommy but because / the kind of love he wants Mommy doesn’t have?” The domestic trauma evoked in dream-recall has the dream-weirdness of jump cuts, non sequiturs, inexplicable cameos: “Erica with her maracas, / like the sands of time / personified”; and sardonic humor: “Mommy’s / too ironic—Mommy wouldn’t do / the rhumba in the driveway.”

From “Vita Nova.”

The conclusion, italicized as if in quotation, holds a feint at melodrama, but only to land an edgy punchline containing possibly a wink:

“I thought my life was over and my heart was broken. / Then I moved to Cambridge.

“Vita Nova,” Vita Nova, 1999)

It’s all “material,” a canny double entendre from a writer who delights in wringing full range from common words.

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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Continuum

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How I Do Reading, Sadly

Oil on paper, 2022.

It seems when I encounter a poem I start an argument with it; I approach it as a provocation. Why is it written this way? What is it trying to tell me? What should I feel or think after reading it? I almost never ask, Did this entertain me?

It doesn’t seem right to treat signals sent by writers labeled poet as hermetic scriptures to decode, sort out, translate into apprehensible utterance. Not constructive; doesn’t speak well of me as a well tuned — or even competent — receiver. To read this way is to adopt an offensive lineman’s crouch, ready to deck the blocker and concuss the QB.

Paul Mariani quotes Wallace Stevens: People read poetry nervously, afraid that something [will] “go wrong with the sentence after next.” In my experience, something goes wrong even sooner.

Poetry, January 2022.

I revel in non-figurative painting: line, stroke, color put to the pure purpose of expression, not just depiction. On the other hand, I’m afraid I read words for clarity, understanding, illumination. I have to say to many poets of my time and place whose art I strive to take on board: It’s not you, it’s me.

I must grow into poetry. Lately, as I take the dubious initiative to pepper my lucubrations with dabbles, it occurs to me to think of poetry more as painting with words than as hinged discourse. Let’s see where that goes.

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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Not Everything Is a Sonnet, Damn It

Carl Phillips

“I get pretty impatient with people who consider any fourteen-line poem to be a sonnet. The turns of thought are crucial, as is the number of turns.”

(Carl Phillips, interviewed by David Baker, www.kenyonreview.org)
Carl Phillips

The interview inspiring these illustrations is a pas de deux of metapoetics performed on campus by two massively degreed* panjandrums.

David Baker

Altisonant palaver among cognoscenti is devoutly to be shunned by the lay reader seeking insight into poetry’s mysteries. It graces me with what I get from the poetry itself: a sense of being kept on the outside of something that is cold, severe and not obviously enjoyable. (The words are those of Rob Doyle about Peter Handke’s work.)

David Baker

But here’s my own volta if not volte-face: Well into the interview, Phillips starts pushing back on Baker’s abstruse queries with some sensible responses. My irritable hot take ceded grudgingly to a recognition that Phillips was not blowing all gas.

Carl Phillips

Here’s the exchange where I glimpsed light:

David Baker: I mean to identify places where the voltas fall, where the poems turn, where and how they open, and where, in the final couple of lines, they recapture or recapitulate each narrative… But just as vivid here is the mysterious primary pronoun “it.” This little word may be easy to overlook, but it seems central to fully understanding the poem. What is “it”? Something grand, like myth? Or something tangible, like a real artifact? Inside “it” we find the whole narrative. Does it matter whether or not we can identify “it”?
Carl Phillips: I can honestly say I have no idea what the “it” is supposed to refer to.

His confession of cluelessness as to the referent of his own pronoun gives me hope that Carl Phillips may have something to teach me after all.

*Carl Phillips has an AB (Bachelor of Arts) degree in Greek and Latin from Harvard, an MAT (Master of Arts in Teaching) degree in Latin and classical humanities from the University of Massachusetts, and an MA (Master of Arts) degree in creative writing from Boston University. David Baker has a BSE (Bachelor of Science in Engineering) and MA (Master of Arts) degrees from Central Missouri State University and a PhD from the University of Utah.

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A Modest Proposal Regarding Neutral Reference

Campbell. Acrylic on cardboard.

They is owning he and she. Example:

An athlete knows that they must train rigorously to qualify for the Olympics.

Morgan. Acrylic on cardboard.

It even happens when the antecedent is named and sexed. Example:

Jacob has a Master of Fine Arts from Iowa. They are working on a novel.

Leslie. Acrylic on cardboard.

The only thing that marks Jacob as masculine is the name. Baptismal names have long tended to be gender based. By weight of convention, Annunziata, Niamh, Saoirse and Siobhan are female; Jacob, Sixtus, Wulfric and Boniface are male. But nothing in the nature of names themselves precludes Mick Jagger from having been christened Siobhan, or Sinéad O’Connor Boniface.

Mackenzie. Acrylic on cardboard.

This is where opportunity may lie. Johnny Cash sang about “a boy named Sue.” Ye and Kim have a son named North; Elon and Grimes have a son named X Æ A-12; I’ve known a Daughter of the American Revolution named Campbell. A greater practice of untraditional naming over time may see future English speakers less constrained by involuntary gender reveals that contribute to canned presumptions..

Sutton. Acrylic on cardboard.

A linguist has a healthy respect for the features of sound syntax, and number agreement is one of them. Yet I’m mindful that thou, a singular second person, was ditched in favor of you, a plural second person which conveyed greater distinction. It didn’t happen in a day or without resistance. If third person he-she follows suit, giving way to a non-binary, plural they, it will be in the nature of inevitable change. Following where tested usage leads goes with the speakership.

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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Cosmic Cheese

The world / was whole because / it shattered. When it shattered, / then we knew what it was.

“Formaggio” is Italian for “cheese.” The poem so titled is in Louise Glück’s book Vita Nova. On first reading I experienced the poem as an affront. The malaise it induces is apparent in its first lines (quoted above). I can climb out of my funk only through paraphrase

A thing — the very world — is affirmed intact because it broke apart, or perhaps was perceived whole in hindsight as a consequence of its disintegration. When it broke up, then we knew what it was. Those conjunctions — because, then — are consequential in the hands of a stylist as meticulous as Glück.

It never healed itself. / But in the deep fissures, smaller worlds appeared: / it was a good thing that human beings made them: / human beings know what they need, / better than any god.

In the cracks of a chronic lesion, aftermath of a cosmos splintered into unity, there appeared not shrapnel but mini-worlds created by us, and a good thing, too, for we know our needs better than any god. The theology rings true enough, but the rest is nonsense: the arc of Homo erectus’ spawn is short, and bends toward self-destruction, as current events attest.

My peevish commentary will sink of its own weight if pursued much further. Suffice it to say, the worlds we created became stores on Huron Avenue — a Chicago or Hamtramck of the mind where fish and cheese are sold — and they are visions of safety. Like a resting place, staffed by persons who could be parents, only kinder.

As tributaries feed a large river, the speaker had many lives, one or more of which were lived among flats of fruit fronting a flower shop run by one Hallie, perhaps. These life streams were absorbed into the great ocean; however, asks the speaker, If the self becomes invisible has it disappeared? A query not without interest.

The speaker thrived, lived alone, but not completely so: Strangers [were] surging around me. A strategic stanza leap punctuates a vault across poetry space to where we secretly exist; there, by apposition, is the definition of sea:

That’s what the sea is: / we exist in secret.

The speaker’s many former lives are summed in imagery as a beribboned spray of flowers held by a hand. Above the hand, stems terminate in blossoms of future; And the gripped fist — / that would be the self in the present. And that would be the poem’s conclusion.

I come to fathom poetry, not to mock it. This poem looks like a space where afflatus collides with metaphysics. Glück is one to achieve what she intends. By her own report she doesn’t rush to publish. In one poem, the speaker-poet prays not for happiness, but for another poem. Steep lyric is bracing when scalable. I didn’t summit on this one, but other peaks are still ahead.

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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We’re Ourselves in Spite of Us

MMM on the verge of 20, 18×24 in., oil on canvas (JMN 2015).

Not the selves we ordered, but the ones received. So it went with those that got us — the trick of not caring for who you be is handed down. Each tiny burden of wiped snot is a pair of shoulders for forebears to die on, paying forward the fight to bury them.

Occasionally I vent a spate of verbiage, as above, which I fancy has a poetry-like intensity and rhythm. Any effort, however, to pad the text with meter or rhyme blights it as poesy straightaway. Likewise, passing it off as free verse drives home my cluelessness as to how real poets make the decisions to break their lines just so.

Here, for example, are snippets from Louise Glück’s Poems 1962-2021, in which I’m currently immersed:

A beautiful morning; nothing
died in the night.
(“Otis”)

On a small lake off
the map of the world, two
swans lived. As swans,…
(“Parable of the Swans”)

Nothing
was exactly difficult because
routines develop, compensations
for perceived
absences and omissions. My mother…
(“Telemachus’ Burden”)

I do perceive in the following verses a certain logic in how syntax makes the lines fall and flow:

Therefore it will cost me
bitterly to lie,
to prostrate myself
at the edge of a grave.

I say to the earth
be kind to my mother,
now and later.
Save, with your coldness,
the beauty we all envied.
(“The Open Grave”)

Evident everywhere is Glück’s exquisite scruple in the art of punctuation. Her work stirs me often enough to respect; when it connects, it has what I can only describe as the feel of poetry, not doggerel or gussied prose, yet I’m not sure why.

A friend’s mother shamed her child for the normal bouts of illness youngsters suffer. Being under the weather garnered censure. That disdain dogs the child’s self care in middle age. Guilty relief dogged me when my own long-lived parents were at length gone. Gone too were the appraising looks and silences for a son well advanced in his own decadence. Came the spates.

(c) 2022 JMN — EthicalDative. All rights reserved

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